2. Institutional Context of the GIS
The Role of the 'National Land Agency' in Indonesia
As larger the country, as more important is the decentralization in sectoral aspects, as in Indonesia. Various Government bodies deal with the various specific tasks of land use planning. Coordination is extremely important between all concerned agencies, both in the field of delegating tasks and functions of land use planning as well as in the field of data exchange.
In technical terms, data have to be compatible and portable (between different platforms and software) on a defined quality level, and institutional exchange of data has to be established and made easy. Standards have to be agreed on and well documented! Only they will technically enable the exchange! Intra-agency and inter-agency coordination is important in any GIS approach! |
The National Land Agency (BPN) has an important strategic position in the mosaic of land use planning. BPN is the authoritative body responsible for the national land administration.
BPN is responsible for the issue of location permits, which are based on the spatial plan for enterprises within the framework of capital investment and monitoring thereof. For the process of spatial planning, BPN contributes to the planning agencies with data on present land use and proposals of land allocation plans and legal aspects for land ownership, to avoid social problems due to misuse of land.
The implementation of land use plans has to be stimulated and controlled with BPN's assistance and input, in particular in areas where ownership of land has a strong impact on the land use and its management! Mechanisms and tools for the implementation of these components of the land use plan are the aforementioned mandates of BPN, such as land titles, land rights, land regulations, land use concessions, izin lokasi.
It is not only the implementation in form of giving land use concessions to potential users, it is also the ‘follow-up’, i.e. the monitoring of giving these land use concessions and of the land use changes which can be observed and the control for their legacy. A legal and regular monitoring system ('land use change detection') is an integrated part of land use planning.
Thus, with the wish to establish a satisfactory, peaceful, political and social environment, without invoking quarrels over land use conflicts, BPN has to carry out its mandate, based on a clear decision structure with reliable, transparent, up-to-date, spatial data!
Therefore, it was of utmost importance to strengthen BPN in the technical field, to have BPN capable and operational to assign land use and land use concessions in the framework of land use plans which have been agreed on, which are seen in a socially justified and rightful context, and which are fully based on correct and reliable data and procedures.
The data being necessary for BPN to implement its important political and social function, are called 'spatial land use management plans': Maps ('spatial') which indicate the future situation ('plans') according to the policies given by the responsible planning institutions for land use and its management, including land owners ('management').
The starting point for this process is the inventory of the current land use, which is derived from detailed mapping of land use classes for macro-level land use assessment down to inventory of land parcels, ownership and land use concessions at the micro-level land use planning, where BPN is involved.
In summary, the role of BPN to promote land use planning with the support of GIS and thus the task of the project is:
Result of these efforts was the establishment of the ‘Indonesian Land Use Databank’ ILUD, which has been set up in the frame of LREPP-II / Part B.
Next chapter